A change in price to a good(s) due to a change in supply or demand is not inflation. Your own MF quote describes this. Your definition is wrong, take out a decrease in the supply of goods and it will be correct.
You're close, you're just missing a piece, a piece that did not apply in MFs time: suppression of workers pay. Again, you can't have inflation without wage increases. (How do you pay more for goods without more money?) In the past, an increase in the money supply would increase wages. That is not true today. Or put another way, an increase in the money supply will lead to inflation ONLY among the goods primarily purchased by those that experience the increase in money supply (income). today, thats the banks, the rich, etc. The goods you listed fit that don't they? Assets most especially.
Money will come in off the sidelines, but only temporarily. Those workers will see even less wages than before. They can't drive inflation without income increases. (Credit can substitute for this, but I think that effect is already maxed out like a Republican Congressman's credit card. In fact maybe even the opposite: credit has been used to maintain the same level of spending for those making less income. As that credit is maxed, spending must decrease.)
I agree with your statement about supply... Output is the right word.
MF Quote broken down:
"Inflation is always and everywhere a monetary phenomenon in the sense that it is and can be produced only by"...... A lot of words to say:
Inflation is caused by "a more rapid increase in the quantity of money than in output."
In the last 4 months we have increased the money supply by $7 trillion and decreased output by the amount of goods and services produced by 20-30 million. I would call that a rapid increase in the quantity of money. And a decrease in output.
It takes a while for inflation to work to work through the system, but we are already seeing it. Ask anyone that is trying to hire lower wage workers what they are having to do? I bet you can guess.
Workers are getting pay increases. They are getting stimulus, extra unemployment benefits. This is unlike last time. All of the extra money went to upper income earners, corporations, and banks. This caused isolated inflation in there world.
There is more money and less output in the real economy now. And there is no turning back. Higher wages for lower earners are coming. Target, Costco, Best Buy, Starbucks, Amazon and others have mandated it.
The DXY is dropping like a rock, which is a signal of inflation expectations. Imports and commodities are going to cost more. We can get into the semantics of inflation vs price increases good by good, service by service. But the general concept is a dollar is going to be worth significantly less for the average American in 2022-2023 than it is today.
The only way to curb this is through raising interest rates in my opinion. That will encourage saving vs spending. Taxes are not getting raised on lower and middle earners.
I still think it's a ways away. 12-18 months.