Socialism and fascism are literally at opposite ends of the political spectrum.
Simply put- there is no simple here. Both of these things defy easy definition, but fascism is by far the more slippery to define.
Socialism is a spectrum of economic and social theories contending that matters of economic concern (means of production, etc) should be regulated or owned by society, in the public interest. There's a lot of disagreement among socialists about whether it should be owned or regulated by the public. Democratic socialism falls on the 'regulate' end of this spectrum- These folks are capitalists, and seek to use public power to regulate the excesses of capitalism.
Like socialism, fascism is also a spectrum of political/economic ideas that purport to organize society- but unlike socialism, fascism didn’t have anything like a set of founding documents or definitive source material until well after it achieved a sort of viral success in politics- which means that any documents purporting to be authoritative (such as this translation of Mussolini’s doctrine of fascism) only speak for one faction or aspect of what we consider to be fascism, per se.
Both Socialism and Fascism arose in the late-industrial-revolution period in Europe, a time and place in which the world order was fast-changing- Dynastic monarchies had fallen to republican governments in the space of a few generation’s time, there was a massive oversupply of productive capacity relative to the economy’s consumptive capacity, and this meant the regular guy would periodically find himself jobless, inflation would wipe out whatever savings he had… the days of traditional roles in life were strained, perhaps a distant memory. It was the Socialists who started pushing to regulate or overthrow the current order (in which new Barons of Industry were consolidating their fortunes and power), and in large part Fascism arose (with support from those new elites) as a bulwark to stop the Socialists.
Instead of emerging as coherent a set of philosophies (as socialism did via Marx and Engels), fascism emerged as a mass movement (of disparate groups who supported Italy’s intervention in WWI) and would mutate according to the political needs of those calling themselves fascists. Being an insurgent political movement, those included recruiting from very different political quarters, consolidating power, and then, extending influence elsewhere. Philosophically, fascism is the chameleon of politics; it will mutate and borrow aspects of anything from anywhere to suit itself.
During the period of its ascendancy in Italy in the early 1900s, it was purposefully vague and undefined- a quality that would allow it to appeal to different audiences that might otherwise find themselves un-unifiable. In this sense, it could proffer un-objectionable, meaningless vagaries- essentially, the “Make Italy Great Again” of its time.
Fascism (/ˈfæʃɪzəm/) is a form of far-right, authoritarian ultranationalism characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition, as well as strong regimentation of society and of the economy which came to prominence in early 20th-century Europe.
As an economic system,
fascism is
socialism with a capitalist veneer. ... Where
socialism sought totalitarian control of a society's economic processes through direct state operation of the means of production,
fascism sought that control indirectly, through domination of nominally private owners.
Marxism is a political and economic way of organizing society, where the workers own the means of production. Socialism is a way of organizing a society in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the proletariat.
Marx proposed that this was the next necessary step in the progress of history.
Marx himself did not use the term
socialism to refer to this development. Instead,
Marx called it a communist society that has not yet reached its higher-stage. ... Monetary relations in the
form of exchange-value, profit, interest and wage labor would not operate and apply to
Marxist socialism.
Socialism is at its core an economic philosophy, whereas
Communism is economic and political in its requirement that government be the central owner and decision maker in all matters.
Communism rejects any religion and in a true
Communist state religion is effectively abolished.
"As an economic system,
fascism is
socialism with a capitalist veneer."
You people who are socials and fascists do get ruffled feathers when a comparison is made. I don't know which one you are, but neither is good for this country. You vote for this (either), you are destroying any hope that your children or grandchild will ever have.