I just went through the same evaluation. My criteria was (a) accuracy of gun, (b) price, (c) quality of gun (d) light weight, (e) durable, (f) less recoil and (g) a nice quality of scope - all for under $1200. I already have and shoot a 270 (Ruger Model 77 with Nikon Monarch 3x9) , Ruger 44 Mag carbine with Leopold VX2 2x7 and see through mounts) and a single shot 444 with Leopold scope. I have taken many a deer with the 130 grain 270 as it is the perfect load for whitetail hunting. A 270 is basically a 30-06 with a 277 caliber bullet that allows it to shoot much flatter than a 30-06, 30-30, 7 mm, or a 308.
I have hunted with the 270 for 27 years and it is beginning to show some wear and tear as my primary hunting gun for so many years. I decided this year to purchase a new deer gun that will last me for the next 27 years. Here is what my research led me to within the $1200 budget:
Out of the box accuracy - Weatherby Vanguard, Thompson Center Venture and the Tikka T3. All three of these guns give you a guaranteed accuracy of 1 MOA at 100 yards right out of the box. The TC is the cheapest of the three. The Weatherby Vanguard is made in Japan by Hoya, TC is made in USA, and the Tikka T3 made in Finland by Sako.
Durability and weight: The Tikka T3 weights 6-3/8 lbs and the TC Venture about 7 lbs. The Weatherby is about 7.5 lbs. My criteria was a synthetic stock with a SS barrel.
After much research on the internet and looking and holding all three , I fell in love with the Tikka T3. It is light, has the best trigger on the market and the smoothest bolt action of any gun on the market next to a Sako. The scope rings that comes with the Tikka T3 are somewhat light, but none of the other guns even provide scope mounts. I would suggest purchasing some new scope rings if you choose the Tikka.
I chose to get a 308 because it is a good all around load with less recoil than a 270, 30-06 or any of the magnums. Although I have never felt the recoil when shooting at a deer, I do not want to get gun shy when I get up my 60's and 70's so a light recoil was desirable. I have always relied heavily on accuracy because if you can not hit them, it does not matter what caliber the gun shoots.
Scope: There can be all kind of debate on scopes and you can easily spend more money on the scope than the gun. If you do not shoot deer at more than say 250 yards - you will not need one of the fancy bullet drop compensating scopes as long as you select a flat shooting round such as 243, 7mm-08, 308, 7 mm Express, 270, 30-06 or one of the magnums. There are many good scopes out there but do not get a cheap one. The Leopold VX2, Leopold VX3, Nikon Buckmaster, Nikon Monarch, Vortex Viper, and Zeiss Conquest are all fine scopes. I chose the Nikon Monarch 2.5X10X42mm simply because if a deer is in close up heavy cover, it is easier to find them at 2.5X and the 10X is plenty for any shot over 300 yards. The light transmission is very important if you are a serious deer hunter and all of the above scopes are very good.
If you are into varmint hunting, you will need to go with a heavier gun and a much better scope because varmints are smaller and the distances may be 200 - 400 yards.