I took your suggestion. Google gave me quotes from rightwing R David Schweikurt saying "Did you know there's over $1.5 trillion in unspent, unobligated funds sitting in government accounts?" I'm not sure that's trustworthy. Unspent, maybe. But surely earmarked for Congressionally approved programs and projects.
The unobligated fundng numbers have been going up. $2.1 T in 2026 estimated. AI gave back a breakdown between Mulit-Year funding and X-year (no expiration) funds as $201B of it being Mulit year and the rest X year funds.
Per AI, here's who holds the most of tha X year money.
1. Department of the Treasury (~$450+ Billion)
The Treasury holds the largest single share of X-year money.
- Why it sits there: The bulk of this balance is held in emergency backstops, such as the Government Sponsored Enterprise (GSE) Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements (which backstop Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac).
- Other uses: It also includes specialized international financial stabilization funds and economic contingency reserves that never expire. [, 2]
2. Department of Health and Human Services / Social Security (~$400+ Billion)
HHS and the Social Security Administration hold massive pools of permanent, X-year funds. [
1]
- Why it sits there: These accounts hold the multi-billion-dollar reserves required for Medicare Trust Funds and the Social Security Trust Funds. Because these programs operate on permanent appropriations, their collected tax receipts sit in these accounts indefinitely as unobligated balances until benefits are paid out. [1, 2]
3. Office of Personnel Management - OPM (~$300+ Billion)
Though OPM is a smaller administrative agency, it holds one of the biggest piles of X-year money in the entire government.
- Why it sits there: OPM manages the Employees Health Benefits Fund and the Employees Life Insurance Fund. The unobligated balance represents trillions of dollars in accumulated premiums and investment proceeds legally set aside to pay out future healthcare and life insurance claims for retired federal workers. [1]
4. Department of Defense - DOD (~$150+ Billion)
The military holds massive X-year and multi-year balances, though a larger portion of their money is tied up in 3-to-5-year multi-year procurement than the other agencies on this list. [
1]
- Why it sits there: DOD utilizes permanent X-year funds primarily for Working Capital Funds. These act like internal corporate bank accounts to purchase fuel, medical supplies, and depot maintenance capabilities, allowing the military to sell those goods internally to different branches year after year without the money expiring. [1, 2, 3]